Rabies is a highly contagious and very deadly virus that can affect both people and their pets. Our Murfreesboro vets are here to discuss the symptoms of rabies and how to prevent it by vaccinating your dog.
What Is Rabies
Rabies is a highly contagious but preventable virus that affects a mammal's central nervous system. The disease is transmitted through the bite of an infected animal and travels from the site of the bite along the nerves until it reaches the spinal cord, and works its way from there to the brain. Once rabies reaches the brain, the infected animal will begin to show symptoms and will usually die within 7 days.
How Is Rabies Transmitted
In the U.S., rabies is often transmitted by wildlife, such as raccoons, bats, foxes, and skunks — but it can be found in any mammal. Rabies is most commonly found in areas with high populations of unvaccinated feral dogs.
Rabies is transmitted through the saliva of infected mammals. Rabies can also be transmitted if the saliva of an infected animal comes in contact with an open wound or mucous membranes, such as gums. The more contact your dog has with wild animals, the higher the risk of their infection.
What Are The Signs & Symptoms Of Rabies in Dogs
There are typically three recognizable stages of the rabies virus in pets and here are the symptoms associated with them:
Prodromal stage - In this stage, a rabid dog will usually exhibit changes in behavior that differ from their normal personality, if your pet is usually shy, they might become more outgoing, and vice versa. If you notice any behavioral abnormalities following an unknown bite, remove your pet from any other pets and family members, and contact your vet immediately.
Furious stage - The next stage is the most dangerous, causing your pet to become nervous and even vicious. They might cry out excessively and experience seizures and stop eating. The virus has gotten to the stage where it has begun attacking the nervous system, and it prevents them from being able to swallow, leading to the classic symptom of rabies, excessive drooling known as "foaming at the mouth."
Paralytic stage - This is the final stage in which a rabid dog will go into a coma, be unable to breathe, and unfortunately, most often pass away. This stage usually occurs about seven days after symptoms begin, with death following within usually 3 days.
How Long Does Rabies Take To Show Symptoms In Dogs
If your canine companion is exposed to the rabies virus, the signs won't be present immediately. The typical incubation period is roughly three to eight weeks, however, it can be anywhere from 10 days to as long as a year.
The speed at which symptoms appear depends entirely on the infection site. A bite that is closer to the spine or brain will develop much faster than others and it also depends on the severity of the bite.
Vaccination Schedule For Dogs
Dogs should get their first shot at around 4-6 months of age with a second shot within the year.
Adult dogs have two options for vaccination depending on the state and the municipality the dog lives in. Some vets offer a 3-year vaccine but others only offer a 1-year vaccine because it is mandated in some areas that dogs require annual vaccination. Check with your vet to confirm your options.
Treatment For Rabies In Dogs
If your pet starts to show the symptoms of rabies, unfortunately, there is nothing you or your vet can do for them. There is no known cure for rabies and once symptoms begin to appear, their health will deteriorate within a few days.
If your pet has received their puppy shots against rabies and all required boosters, provide proof of vaccination to your veterinarian. If anyone came into contact with their saliva or was bitten by your pet (yourself included), advise them to contact a physician immediately for treatment. Unfortunately, rabies is always fatal for unvaccinated animals, usually occurring within 7 to 10 days from when the initial symptoms began.
If a diagnosis of rabies is confirmed you will need to report the case to your local health department. An unvaccinated pet that is bitten or exposed to a known rabid animal must be quarantined for up to six months, or according to local and state regulations. A vaccinated animal that has bitten or scratched a human, conversely, should be quarantined and monitored for 10 days.
The best protection against rabies in dogs and cats is to get them regular preventive vaccinations against the disease. Speak to your vet about making sure your pet is up to date on their rabies shots.
Note: The advice provided in this post is intended for informational purposes and does not constitute medical advice regarding pets. For an accurate diagnosis of your pet's condition, please make an appointment with your vet.